RATIO OF MEAT PREPARATES TO CARCASS IN CATTLE

This study was performed to determine the relationship between the ratio of the bones and valuable meat preparates to the carcass, the age and the sex parameters in Holstein and Swiss Braun race cattle which are widely breeded in our country. The half and quarter carcasses of the cattle that are salughtered in Istanbul were used as working material. The carcasses were separated into 4 groups as above 3 years of age group (n=24), under 3 years of age group (n=46), male group (n=53) and female group (n=17). Totally 140 carcasses were evaluated. According to the obtained results, hind quarter weight, fillet, loin, rump, tranche, sirloin, round, flank, shank, brisket, fore loin, sticking, chuck and total bones parameters were significantly different at (p<0.001) level between above the 3 years of age and under the 3 years of age group. Between the same groups the sirloin tip parameter was significantly different at p<0.01 level. At the parameters of leg weight, shank and half carcasses there was no significant difference between the groups. We could not determine any significant differences in the percentage ratio of all meat parameters to the carcass between the groups of above 3 years of age and under 3 years of age. In the male and female groups, all the parameters except loin, leg weight and shank were significantly different between the 2 groups. Hind quarter and shank parameters were significantly different at p<0.05 level, round parameter was significantly different at p<0.01 level, and the other valuable meat preparates were significantly different at p<0.001 level.


Introduction / Uvod
In this study, the objective was to determine the ratio of the valuable meat preparates and the bones that are obtained from carcasses of half-bred race large farm animals to the carcasses according to the animals' age and sex.
The carcasses of two half -bred races (Holstein and Swiss Braun) were used as working material.The carcasses were obtained from different slaughterhouses located in Istanbul city.
Assigment of the races / Odre|ivanje rasa Slaughterhouse documents were evaluated as base documents in the process of the assignment of the races.

Assigment of the ages / Odre|ivanje uzrasta
In the process of the age assignment slaughterhouse documents were evaluated as base documents.Besides, the projecting parts of thoracal, lumbal and sacral vertebras were examined if they were in the form of cartilage or bone for verification of the slaughterhouse documents Š8, 25¹.

Assigment of sex / Odre|ivanje pola
In the process of the sex assignment, slaughterhouse documents were evaluated as base documents.Besides, development of the neck muscles and chest parts of the carcasses were examined for verification.In addition, Musculus gracilis, Canalis inguinalis testical fat tissues, the angle of Symphisis pelvis and Tuberculum pubicum were examined, too Š25¹.

Prime Cutting / Krupno se~enje
The carcasses were cut along the median line and half carcasses were obtained.Half carcasses were cut again, from the level of 12th and 13th costa and the front and the back quarter carcasses were obtained.Quarter carcasses were kept in suitable warehouse conditions at +4 o C for 3 days for aging processes.After aging was completed, all the quarter carcasses were weighed one by one Š3, 4, 13¹.

Material / Materijal
Method / Metode front part of the carcasses preparates were obtained.Then all the preparates were weighed by using sensitive balance and percentage calculations of the preparates to the carcass that the evaluates preparate belonged to, were performed for each preparate one by one Š24, 25¹.

Statistical Analysis / Statisti~ka analiza
The samples obtained from the groups were evaluated statistically.Statistical analysis was perfomed at SPSS version 10.0 Š21¹.
The meat preparates and the bones that were obtained from quarter carcasses were rated to the half and whole carcass weight that the meat preparates and the bones belonged.The results are shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4.According to the obtained results, significant differences were determined between carcasses of the above 3 years of age and under 3 years of age and male and female groups.Cold carcass weights, valuable meat preparates and bone ratios parameters were analysed.
According to our study, the average of the carcass weights of the below 3 years of age, above 3 years of age, male and female groups were determined as 392.34 kg, 382.64 kg, 354.58 kg ve 381.62 kg respectively.In a study performed by Fiems et al.Š11¹, it was indicated that the cold carcass weight values of double-muscled Belgian Blue race cattle as from 469.7 kg. to 500.8 kg.According to another study of Fiems et al.Š10¹, the average weight values of non -pregnant and non -lactating female cattle was about 447.0 kg.
Between the groups of above 3 years of age and under 3 years of age, we determined significant differences for all the parameters except shank.Significant difference at (p<0.001) level were found in the hind quarter weight, fillet, loin, rump, tranche, sirloin, round, flank, brisket, fore loin, sticking, leg, chuck and weight of the among leg muscles parameters.Sirloin tip parameter was also significantly different at (p<0.01) level.In the parameters of leg weight and shank, the results were higher in the above 3 years of age group than the under 3 years of age group, however the differences were not significant between the two groups.
The percentage ratio of all valuable meat preparates to its carcass was not significantly different between the groups of above 3 years of age and under 3 years of age.However, in general, the percentage ratio of the valuable meat preparates to its carcass was higher in the group of above 3 years of age than the percentage ratio of the valuable meat preparates to its carcass in the group of under 3 years of age.
Between the male and female groups, significant differences were determined for all parameters except sirloin tip, leg weight and shank.Hind quarter, shank and sticking parameters were significantly different between the groups at (p<0.05) level, round significantly different between the groups at (p<0.01) level and the other valuable meat preparates were significantly different between the groups at (p<0.001) level.
According to the results of the parameters in question, rump was significantly different at (p<0.05) level between the male and the female groups.The other parameters were not evaluated as significantly different between the groups.
At the mean values of percentage bone ratio to the carcass parameters, our findings were 18.04% in the group of above 3 years of age, 17.79 % in the group of under 3 years of age, 18.08% in the group of male and 18.05% in the group of female.Altuntas Š2¹ points out that the mean values of percentage bone ratio to the carcass parameters are between 14.90% and 15.46% at Simental race cattle.According to Yücesan Š26¹, the percentage ratio of bones to the carcasses Discussion and Conclusion / Diskusija i zaklju~ak at local and half-bred races are 19.5% and 18.8% respectively.Özbeyaz et al. Š19¹ indicate the percentage ratio of bones to the carcasses at Brangus hybrid male calves, Simental melezi erkek danalarda ve limozin melezlerinde are 16.0%, 16.2% and15.9% respectively.According to Koçak et al.Š15¹, the bone ratio values of 11 -15 month old Holstein male cattle to the carcass are between 16.4% -18.48%.
In this study the results show that the ratios of the bones and the valuable meat preparates to the carcass were higher in the above 3 years of age group than in the under 3 years of age group, but the same ratio values in the male and female groups differed similarly from each other.
Ö. Çetin et al.: Ratio of meat preparates to carcass in cattle slaughtered in Istanbul

Table 1 .
The amount of meat preparates and bones in carcasses of the under 3 years of age and above 3 years of age groups of the front and back quarters(kg.) ***p<0.001, **p<0.01,*p<0.05Group1:Below 3 years of age / Grupa 1: Ispod 3 godine starosti Group 2: Above 3 years of age / Grupa 2: Iznad 3 godine starosti Table2.The percentage ratio of meat preparates and bones in carcasses of the under 3 years of age and above 3 years of age groups of the front and back quarters Tabela 2. Procentualni odnos preparata mesa i kostiju prednjih i zadnjih ~etvrti trupova `ivotinja starih ispod 3 godine i preko 3 godine

Table 3 .
The amount of meat preparates and bones in carcasses of male and female groups of the front and back quarters (kg.)Tabela 3. Koli~ina preparata mesa i kostiju sa prednjih i zadnjih ~etvrti trupova mu`jaka i `enki(kg)

Table 4 .
The percentage ratio of meat preparates and bones in carcasses of the male and female groups of the front and back quarters Tabela 4. Procentualni odnos preparata mesa i kostiju sa prednjih i zadnjih ~etvrti trupova mu`jaka i `enki