APPLICATION OF ORGANIC WASTE COMPOSTS WHEN PRODUCING FOREST PLANTING MATERIAL

Most seedlings and saplings of woody plants in the Russian Federation are produced in the open ground in forest nurseries. In order to produce high quality planting material it is necessary to support and preserve soil fertility, which can be obtained by using organic wastes and organic-based fertilizers. Our research is aimed at the assessment of the influence of non-conventional organic fertilizers on fertility of podzols and on the growth rate of seedlings and saplings of woody plants in forest nurseries. Our research shows, that the application of non-conventional organic fertilizers does not result in any accumulation of heavy metal salts in podzols, but optimizes hydro physical and agrochemical properties of the ploughed horizon. The efficiency of non-conventional organic fertilizers depends on their composition, physical and chemical characteristics of the original components, their doses applied and original fertility of soils. A combined application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and sand results in the optimization of practically all soil fertility parameters in middle clay-loam soils, while application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and clay is optimal for application on light soils. The optimal application dose of non-conventional fertilizers depends on soil texture, woody species and the fertilizer composition. An optimal application dose for Norway spruce on a light clay-loam soil is 50-80 tons/ha, and on a middle clay-loam soil is 149-182 tons/ha. It is 50 tons/ha for Scots pine growing on a sandy loam soil, and 100 tons/ha for the same species growing on a sandy soil or a light clay-loam. For Siberian larch growing on a light clay-loam soil the dose of fertilizer applied should be 150 tons/ha. It is recommended to apply composts containing over 50% (by weight) of Category II wastes (substrate) for the amelioration of light soils, and composts containing over 40% (by weight) of Category I wastes (filler) for the amelioration of heavy soils. It would allow for the optimization of soil properties and production of better quality planting material in forest nurseries.


INTRODUCTION
One of the goals of forestry activities is the production of high quality planting material in sufficient quantity.It cannot be achieved without the amelioration of forest nursery soils.Nowadays, due to specific market conditions, the high price of conventional organic and mineral fertilizers constrains the possibilities of timely restoration of soil fertility in nurseries.
As a rule, the necessity for amelioration of forest nursery soils emerges after intensive longterm use of such soils.Due to application of mineral fertilizers, pesticides, different machines and devices, soils are exposed to the deterioration of agrochemical properties, and also some negative changes in the quality and quantity composition of soil microbial flora.Thus, sometimes it becomes impossible to obtain the planned quantities of planting material.In such a case we face a dilemma: either to close the existent forest nurseries with the developed infrastructure and move them onto a new site or apply complex amelioration measures on low-cultured and degraded soils.
For these purposes it is nowadays suggested to use organic wastes and waste-based products, as cheap and non-demanded raw materials.In addition, many kinds of organic wastes have certain useful properties (Romanov, Mukhortov, 2007): they contain a large quantity of organic substances, mineral nutrient elements; they may be processed into organic fertilizers and used for the melioration of forest nursery soils.
The objective of our research is to evaluate the impact of non-conventional organic fertilizers on the fertility of podzols and the growth of seedlings and saplings of woody plants in forest nurseries.
Within our research we intended to accomplish the following tasks: • to research the influence of non-conventional organic fertilizers on the properties of podzols, including the translocation of heavy-metal moving forms across the soil profile, from the point of view of agriculture, forestry, and ecology; • to evaluate the influence of a non-conventional organic fertilizer dose on the hydro physical and agrochemical properties of podzols in forest nurseries; • to determine optimal application doses of non-conventional fertilizers for podzols in forest nurseries due to a response of seedlings and saplings of woody plants; • to find out the possibility of using non-conventional organic fertilizers in combination with other ameliorants for the complex amelioration of degraded podzols in forest nurseries through the agrochemical diagnostics and investigation of the response of woody plant seedlings and saplings.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The research focused on the complex impact of non-conventional fertilizers obtained from organic wastes, along with other ameliorants (sand, clay) on physical and chemical properties of podzols in forest nurseries, the growth of seedlings and saplings of woody plants.Non-conventional organic fertilizers were obtained in compost departments of forest nurseries by aerobiotic biodegradation of the mix of wastewater sludge and hydrolyzed lignin neutralized by lime hydrate, or else, using the mix of wastewater sludge and sawdust.The amount of organic substance in these fertilizers varied from 45.6% to 85.3%, the amount of general forms of nitrogen varied from 1.0% to 1.5%, phosphorous-from 0.6 % to 1.9%, potassium -from 0.12% to 0.30%.A more detailed description of the method of organic wastes treatment into non-conventional fertilizers and the properties of the composts obtained, used for amelioration purposes on the experimental sites can be found in earlier works of some authors (Romanov, Mukhortov, 1997;Romanov et al., 2000;Romanov, Mukhortov, 2007;Romanov et al., 2011).
The experimental plots were located in Mushmarinsky (Plots No.1,3,7),and Kokshaisky (Plot No.22) forest nurseries, as well as in nurseries of the Botanic Garden Institute and the scientific-experimental forest of Volga State University of Technology (Fig. 1).A separate experiment was carried out in each of the four plots.
With the aim of defining the influence of a non-conventional organic fertilizer dose applied on hydro physical and agrochemical properties of podzols, the growth and development of seedlings and saplings of woody plants the fertilizers of different composition were applied in doses of 15-480 tons/ha.Depending on the experimental plot the application doses were 15 tons/ha, 30 tons/ha, 60 tons/ha, 80 tons/ha, 120 tons/ha, 240 tons/ha, 360 tons/ha, 400 tons/ha, 480 tons/ha.The plots without any ameliorants applied were considered as control plots.The area of each replication was 2 square meters in three replications per treatment.There were protective zones between the treatments.The application of fertilizers, sowing of seeds and planting of saplings and cultural operations for plant cultivation were performed manually.The seeds were planted into the planting furrow and sprinkled with the ground.The length between the centers of the furrows was 20 cm.The seed application rate for spruce is 1.9 g/m, for pine -1.6 g/m, and for larch 3 g/m of the planting furrow.The seeds were from the same batch in each experiment.In order to avoid overdrying of topsoil, it was mulched with 1 cm layer of sawdust.The notch planting of 2 year old seedling of spruce, pine and larch was carried out in spring on small experimental plots with 10 cm in-the-row spacing and between the rows spacing of 20 cm.In the process of seedlings growing there were regular weeding procedures.The experiment in the Botanical garden nursery lasted 4 years, and in Mushmarinsky nursery 3 years.The seedlings of pine and larch were grown for 2 years.The saplings of woody plants were grown for 3 years.
In order to test the results obtained through small-plots experiments and to test the efficiency of non-conventional fertilizers on larger areas, the experimental plots were established on plots No.1,No.3,No.10 and No.23 of the Mushmarinsky Forest Nursery and the Kokshaisky Forest Nursery.They included two areas: I -control, II -120 tons/ha of non-conventional fertilizers applied.The area of one treatment was 50 square meters.Across the width of the ground there were six seed tapes, each 5 meters long.Between the treatments there were control plots of 50-100 square meters.This experimental dosing was repeated three times.Ameliorants were applied on the experimental plots in autumn on bare fallow, in the year preceding the sowing.All the technological operations were performed in accordance with the standard procedures adopted in forest nurseries for the growing of planting materials.
Before seed planting, the ground underwent pretreatment by a forest rotary tiller, model FPSh-1.3.In plot No 10 we planted the seeds of Nor-

Figure 1:
The location of experimental sites way spruce, using the 9-line planting system and the seeding machine model SLU-5-20.In other experimental plots we planted the seeds of Scots pine, using the 5-line planting system.Within one experimental plot the planting material was from the same batch with laboratory germination of at least 85%.In order to produce seedlings of pine and spruce all the necessary land treatments were carried out: foliar application of mineral fertilizers, watering, cultivation and hand weeding.The cultivation period for spruce seedlings was 3 years, for pine seedlings was 2 years.
In order to study the influence of non-conventional fertilizers on morphological parameters of seedlings, they were lifted by one-meter pieces in each replication, and then bunched.For defining the biometric characteristics of the seedlings and saplings of woody plants, we extracted the plant from the ground, washed off the root system, took careful measurements of the stem length, current increment, length of the root system using the metal ruler with 1 mm accuracy, diameter of the root collar using pole caliper within the accuracy of 0.1 mm.After the measurements the seedlings and saplings were split into stems, needles, small roots (d<1мм), big roots (d>1мм), dried at a temperature of 95-105 °C and then weighed.
The field germination was defined by calculating viable seedlings every 3-4 days.Dead seedlings were removed.
The research of the influence of non-conventional organic fertilizers on agrochemical properties of soils included the selection of mixed soil samples according to the National State Standard on Nature protection.Soils.General requirements for sampling.17.4.3.01.The physical and agrochemical properties of the soil were determined by common methods: moisture -by the thermogravimetric analysis, the density of soil consistency -with the use of a Kachinsky's soil sampler, the granulometric texture -by the pipette method, labile phosphorus and mobile potassium -by the Kirsanov's method (National State Standard 26207), the humus -by the I.V.In order to define the environmentally friendly dose of non-conventional fertilizer treatment we used the formula which considers the contents of heavy metals in soil and fertilizer (Rusakov, 1985): Where: Д тм -theoretically allowable application rate, ton/ha of dry solid weight; ПДК(ОДК) -maximum allowable (or approxible permissible) concentration of heavy metals in soil, mg/kg; Ф -actual contents of heavy metal in soil, mg/kg; С тм -contents of heavy metal in fertilizer, mg/kg; Т -maximum term of fertilizer treatment in one plot; 3000 -mass of the ploughed horizon in terms of dry substance, ton/ha.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Some non-conventional organic fertilizers contain uncontrolled components including salts of heavy metals.It has been identified that after 4 years of non-conventional wastewater sludgebased fertilizers and hydrolyzed lignin introduction into podzol light-clay loam soil, ions of heavy metals salt penetrated into the ground to the depth of 60 centimeters (Fig. 2).
The increase of Ni, Zn and Mn amounting to 0-20 centimeters in the upper ploughed horizon was identified after the introduction of (F fact.=8,42...211,4>F table =8,00) in the sandy soils.In the lower soil layers the contents of heavy metals on the plot where the non-conventional ameliorants were on the same level as in the control ones-(Table 1).In addition, it has been identified that over a half of the total heavy metal salt contents (38.70-70.92%)are present in the upper soil layer.At the same time the heavy metals on the control plots are more exposed to rain-wash in the lower horizons.It is especially typical of nickel, copper and lead, the contents of which are at maximum in control plots at the depth of 40-60 cm.Within 0-60 cm of the ploughed horizon the contents of nickel, copper and lead heavy metals are 45.3, 66.7 and 48.3% respectively.In the contents of non-conventional fertilizer prevailed zinc, nickel and manganese which is proved by the excessive contents of these elements in the upper soil layer in the experimental plots in comparison with the control plots.However, for the single fertilization in the treatment applied of 120 tons/ha there was no overbalance in the maximum permissible concentration in any of these elements.
The research carried out in the podzol light clay-loam soils where the application of 120 tons/ ha of non-conventional fertilizers obtained from lignin hydrolyzed and wastewater sludge proved that with the increase of heavy metal wastes (i.e.wastewater sludge) the total amount of heavy metals in the ploughed horizon also increases.In comparison with the control plot, the positive increase of 5% of significance value in the ploughed horizon Cu and Ni is identified when the ratio of lignin hydrolyzed and wastewater sludge by weight is 1:2.5, the ratio of Zn and Mn 1:5.0 and Cd 1:10.0 or higher (Table 2) .
The increase of the applied dose of non-conventional fertilizers may result in the increase of concentration of heavy metal salts in the ploughed horizon of soil.Thus when applying various doses of non-conventional fertilizers based on wastewater sludge gathered from the town of Yoshkar-Ola and sawdust in podzol clay-loam soil, there is an increase of the amount of cadmium, copper and zinc.However a considerable 5% significant difference in the value of heavy metal contents is seen when the doses applied amounted to 240 and 480 tons/ha.

Figure 2: The location of experimental sites
Due to the fact that most heavy metals are concentrated in the upper soil horizons, when extracting the planting material a certain amount of heavy metals is also extracted together with the plant root system and soil.This practice allows cleaning up of the soil (Table 3).
Despite this fact, it is necessary to strictly control the application amount of non-conventional fertilizers.An ecologically-safe dose of fertilizer application to light clay-loam soil for nickel makes 48.2 tons/ha by dry basis (in terms of mineral fertilizer -about 137.7 tons/ha), application into With the increase of the non-conventional fertilizer dose applied, regardless of its share in different categories of wastes (Romanov et al., 2011), the level of humidity of the upper 10 cm soil layer in dry season is increased, while the composition density of the ploughed horizon of podzols is reduced.The soil composition density reaches the best values (1.00-1.15g/cm 3 ) when the application dose amounts to 240 tons/ha or higher for light clay-loam soils and up to 120 tons/ha for sandy and sandy-loam soils.
It is understood, that non-conventional organic fertilizers are obtained by means of aerobic composting of waste mixture with various properties.The research aimed at these organic waste indicators proved that wastes should be divided into two basic categories (Table 4).
It has been identified that soil density depends on the contents and component types of non-conventional fertilizers.Based on many-year observa-tions and tests of non-conventional organic fertilizers for the purpose of amelioration of podzols of forest nurseries, the following mathematical models reflecting the dependence of non-conventional organic wastes and the density of the ploughed horizon of podzols were obtained: -for sandy soils y=ρ 0 ⋅exp(-0,00075⋅(d⋅b⋅ρ) 0,75 ); -for sandy-loam soils y=ρ 0 ⋅exp(-0,0001⋅(d⋅b⋅ρ) 0,98 ); -for light clay loam soils y=ρ 0 ⋅exp(-0,006⋅(d⋅b⋅ρ) 0,42 ), where ρ 0stands for the original density of soil composition, measured in g/cm 3 ; d -the application dose of non-conventional fertilizer, tons/ha; b -share of I category wastes (filler) included in non-conventional fertilizer, %; ρ -apparent waste density of category I (filler) contained in non-conventional fertilizer, g/cm 3 .
An increase in the amount of non-conventional fertilizer application dose results in changes in soil fertility agrochemical indicators: the contents of humus and mineral elements is increased while soil acidity is decreased (Fig. 3).According to Kuraev and Barkova, under these conditions most indicators amount to the best values (Kuraev, Barkova, 1994) when the dose applied varies from 80 to 120 tons/ha (30-40 tons/ha by dry basis).
When using non-conventional fertilizers as soil ameliorants one should take into consideration their content composition and the amount of mineral elements in the primary components.It was found that on podzol light soils the amount of organic wastes of category II in composts should be at least 28% by weight (Fig. 4), while for amelioration of more fertile clay-loam soils, the

Structure
large small

Water content low nigh
Ratio С:N large small share of wastes, the share of composts of category II should be increased to 75% or even more.
In this case, the content of mineral elements in soil is sure to increase.
The best values of soil fertility may be achieved within very short terms by combining non-conventional fertilizers with other ameliorants.Application of sand only in the amount of Nursery) the contents of total clay in soil by 5.26%.Simultaneous application of non-conventional fertilizers (based on hydrolyzed lignin and wastewater sludge) and sand allowed obtaining the amount of clay in the ploughed horizon to the best value of 19.4%.In order to improve the physical qualities of light clay-loam soil it introduction of one non-conventional fertilizer turned out to be enough.By the amount of "physical clay" fraction, the soil could be categorized as sandy-loam.It is worth mentioning that sanding of heavy soils as a separate agricultural approach results in the reduction of soil structuring, while the complex use of ameliorants did not result in more or less significant changes of the ploughed horizon structural content on podzol middle clay-loam soil.The combined application of a non-conventional fertilizer and sand allows optimizing the soil ploughed horizon density value.
In order to ameliorate light soils, it is efficient to add clay (Rodin, 1997).It allows optimizing the physical properties of ploughed horizon for sandy and sandy-loam soils (Table 5).
The application of non-conventional fertilizers in combination with other ameliorants allows changing the agrochemical indicators of soil.The application of non-conventional fertilizers in the amount of 120 tons/ha resulted in the increase of the organic substance content of 1.0%, in light clay-loam soil -of 1.6% and in middle clay-loam soil -of 2.1%, the amount of labile phosphorus increased by 1.7; 1.9; 1.2 and 1.5 times respectively.The level of nitrate nitrogen also increased by 1.7-5.3times in comparison with the results obtained from the control plot.However this approach was inefficient in terms of exchange potassium.The hydrolytic acidity of the soil solution, рН salt, is inclined to neutral values (Table 6).The combined application of non-conventional fertilizers and clay on light soils allowed for an increase in the contents of organic substances to a greater extent, although causing the reduction of mineral elements necessary for plants in the ploughed horizon.On the contrary, soil sanding as a separate agricultural approach when ameliorating middle clay-loam soil causes the reduction of organic and mineral elements.Complex application of non-conventional fertilizers and sand allows increasing the agrochemical indicators of heavy soils.).
The changes in physical and chemical values of forest nursery soils after the application of ameliorants, including non-conventional organic fertilizers exert an influence on the growth rate of seedlings and saplings of woody plants.It has been found that the increase in the amount of non-conventional fertilizers results in the increase of both, linear and weight indices of the planting material.However, after the optimum level is achieved, whose value depends on the type of a woody plant, type of soil and non-conventional fertilizer characteristics, some reduction occurs.).
By means of regression analysis the relation of growth and biomass accumulation in certain parts of young trees on the amount of non-conventional fertilizer application has been calculated using the formula y=k⋅x (b-1) ⋅exp(-c⋅x b )+a.By the mean values of the optimum doses applied, we obtained the recommended doses of non-conventional fertilizers that would guarantee the most intensive growth of the planting material for the common forest generating species and the best yield per unit on the seedling or transplant section of the forest nursery (Table 7).Non-conventional organic fertilizers obtained as a result of mixture of different components different in properties with further composting.
The share of every component in compost may depend on a number of factors: humidity level of waste, unwanted ingredients (i.e.heavy metals), nutrient elements, first of all nitrogen, nitrogen to carbon ratio in the compost mixture.
It has been found that the efficiency of non-conventional fertilizers directly depends on their contents.If the compost mixture contains less than 29.6-50.9% of wastes referred to category II (substrate), the application of non-conventional fertilizers on light soils won't be efficient (Fig. 5).Certain parts of pine seedlings are falling behind the regular growth rate and do not develop harmoniously.When applying non-conventional fertilizers with different composition aimed at ameliorating light clay-loam soils it was found that pine seedling with higher stands were grown on the plots where the compost applied contained 60% of category II wastes.They outgrew the seedlings planted on the control plots by 1.4 and 1.3 times after using compost that contained 95% of II category wastes (Figure 6).Maximum values of the root collar and current increment were found in seedlings grown on the plots into which the non-conventional fertilizers with 60% Category II wastes were applied.There were no significant differences in the length of the root system in the experimental samplings (tfact.<ttable.),however there is an increasing tendency after applying non-conventional fertilizers containing 60% of II category wastes.
Thus, for amelioration of light texture soils it is recommended to use composts containing at least 50% of category II wastes (substrate), and for soils with a high content of silt fraction aggregates the compost should contain over 40% of category I wastes (filler).It allows for the optimization of soil properties and a better developed planting material in forest nurseries and due to that ensures a high level establishment and a fast growth in cultures and on plantations.
The combined application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and clay did not have any positive influence on the growth of Scots pine seedlings.It was determined that the application of non-conventional organic fertilizers resulted in obtaining seedlings with maximum size and weight as compared with the seedlings on control plots (Fig. 7).It can be explained as follows: growing of woody plants after a clay application could be realized successfully only after a complete reconstruction of physical and chemical properties of the modified light soils implying their improvement.It happens 3-4 years after clay application (Rodin, 1997).Therefore, it is appropriate to apply clay into light soils 3-4 years before application of non-conventional organic fertilizers.In such a case, the single dose of clay application for sandy-loam soils should be 200 cubic meters/ha, for sandy soils -350 cubic meters/ha, which was found out by a regression analysis.
The difficulty of growing planting materials on heavy soils is conditioned by their hydrophysical properties and formation of a soil crust, which is hard to penetrate for seed germination and plant growing.Sand application slightly increased the portion of seed germination.However the importance of difference on these grounds in comparison with the control ones was not proved.The increase of field germination with the 5% confidence level (F calc.=5.16>F table =3.23) in comparison with the control grounds was found in the variants of 120 tons/ha of non-conventional organic fertilizers application and application of non-conventional fertilizers and 450 m 3 of sand.The largest number of seeds germinated was observed at a combined application of ameliorants resulting in the improvement of hydrophysical properties of a soil ploughed horizon.
The heavy texture soils adversely affect not only seed germination, but also plant growth.First of all, it is connected with a high density of soil consistency in a ploughed horizon and a low air exchange.The growth of the root system of seedlings is hindered by these conditions and it affects the growth of a plant in general.The amelioration techniques with a 5% confidence level influenced the biometrical parameters of oneyear spruce seedlings (Table 8).The application of sand did not result in any significant changes of seedlings increment.The reason was a decrease of mineral nutrient elements in the soil ploughed horizon.The application of a non-conventional fertilizer in the dose of 120 tons/ha allowed obtaining seedlings with a shoot height increase by 14.3% and a root length increase by 21.3% in comparison with the control.
The weight of both shoots and roots increased significantly.A combined application of non-conventional organic fertilizers and sand, due to improvement of agrophysical and agrochemical properties of the middle clay-loam podzol soil facilitated the growth of spruce seedlings even more.The total shoot and main root length is increased 1.2 times.
Thus, fertility changes in a podzol clay-loam soil as a result of the non-conventional organic fertilizers and sand application significantly enhance the sizes of woody plant seedlings and increase the yield of standard tree-planting material from an area unit.The application of sand only within melioration of a middle clay-loam soil does not cause an increase of sizes and accumulation of solids spruce seedlings, but on the contrary, there is a tendency of decreasing in these parameters.That is why, it is more appropriate to use this agricultural practice in combination with non-conventional fertilizers as in such a way the seedlings with the biggest linear and weight parameters were obtained.

CONCLUSIONS
1.While fertilizing podzol soil with non-conventional fertilizers containing heavy metal salts, their contents in a ploughed horizon increases although maximum permissible concentration excess has not been detected.The larger part of heavy metal is concentrated in the upper soil horizons.After fertilizing, the penetration of heavy metals was detected at the depth of up to 60 cm.When extracting, heavy metals are taken out with seedlings and soil on the roots and thus self-purification occurs.2. While increasing the doze of non-conventional fertilizers, all the main indicators of soil quality of podzol soil improve.The effectiveness of non-conventional fertilizers depends on their texture, physical and chemical characteristics of the original components, fertilizing doze and the original fertility of meliorated soils.The density of soil consistency reaches optimum values when fertilizing 120 -240 tons/ha of the ameliorant.The majority of soil agrochemical indicators will attain the values close to optimum ones if the fertilizing doze is 80 -120 tons/ha of non-conventional organic fertilizers.
3. The effectiveness of non-conventional organic fertilizers is improved under their combined application with other types of ameliorants.The combined use of non-conventional organic fertilizers and sand allows us to attain the optimization of all fertility indicators of podzol medium clayloam soils, however, the use of non-conventional organic fertilizers and clay improve light soils.
4. The optimum doze of non-conventional organic fertilizer depends on the granulometric soil texture.For clay-loam soils, the doze can be raised when increasing the contents of salt fraction particles.For light soils, the doze can be increased, while decreasing the contents of plant mineral nutrition and organic substance.For common spruce, grown in the sandy loam, the optimum doze is 50 -80 tons/ha, and for medium clay-loam soil, the doze is 150 -180 tons/ha.For Scots pine grown in the sandy loam, the optimum doze of non-conventional organic fertilizer is 50 tons/ha, and for the sandy soil and light clay-loam soil that can be increased up to 100 tons/ha.For Siberian larch planting stock in the light clay-loam soil, the doze is supposed to be 150 tons/ha.
5. Non-conventional organic fertilizers are to be applied taking into account their composition.For the melioration of light soils, composts containing category II waste substances (substrates) of over 50% by weight are recommended and for soils with a high content of aggregates referred to silt fraction, compost is to contain over 40% (by weight) of category I waste substances (fillers).This can allow us to enhance soil properties and obtain advanced planting stock in seeding and transplant sections of nursery forest gardens.
6.In order to restore soil fertility of nursery forest seedbeds, complex amelioration is recommended.At the same time, organic fertilizers are to be based on organic wastes, mineral fertilizers, lime materials and clay for light soil or sand for clay-loam soil.
To enhance the content of silt particles in light soils, larger amount of clay is required but it is not effective to bring it in at a time.A single doze of the clay substrate with the fraction content of physical clay of 40-50% against the background of organic fertilizer being brought in green-manured fallow is not to exceed 200 m 3 /ha in sandy loam and 350 m 3 /ha in sandy soil.
The change in fertility of podzol middle clayloam soil as a result of non-conventional fertilizers and sand bringing in substantially enhance the size of the siblings of woody plants which affects the improved output of the standard saplings from the unit of square.Using sand alone when meliorating middle clay-loam soil does not cause size growth and accumulation of dry substance by plant organs, but on the contrary, the size tends to decrease.Thus, it is expedient to use this agronomic practice in coupling with non-conventional fertilizers since carrying them in together allowed us to obtain seedlings with enhanced values of growth increment.Romanov E., Mukhortov D., Mamaev А. (2011)

Figure 3 .Figure 4 .
Figure 3.The relation of non-conventional fertilizer obtained from wastewater sludge and sawdust (weight ratio 1.4:1) and agrochemical indicators of podzol light clay-loam soil (forest nursery of Volga Tech experimental forestry enterprise)

Figure 6 .Figure 7 .
Figure 6.The influence of 120 tons/ha of non-conventional organic fertilizers with various composition applied into podzols on the growth of Scotch pine seedlings (Volga Tech Forest Nursery -Scientific-Experimental Forest Enterprise)

Table 1 .
The dependence of non-conventional fertilizer on the contents of heavy metals in various horizons of podzol sandy-loam soil (plot No 1 of Mushmarinsky forest nursery)

cm Contents of heavy metals for the non-conventional fertilizer application dose, mg/kg LSD 05 0 tons/ha 120 tons/ha
LSD 05 -Least significant difference; * -deviation at 5% of significance value is negligible (F fact.<Ftable.).

Table 2 .
The dependence of non-conventional fertilizer (application doze 120 t/ha) on the contents of heavy metals podzol sandy-loam soil (Volga Tech Botanical garden nursery) *Nota Bene: LSD 05 -Least significant difference; * -deviation at 5% of significance value is negligible (F fact.< F table. ).sandy-loam soil for cadmium makes 142.2 tons/ha (in terms of mineral fertilizer -about 406.7 tons/ ha) applied once in 5 years.As for other heavy metals, the dose turned out to be much higher.

Table 3 .
Impact of non-conventional fertilizer application on the contents of heavy metal salts in podzol light clay-loam soils of the ploughed horizon (Mushmarinsky case study)

fertilizer application dose The contents of heavy metal salts before (1) and after (2) lifting of Scots pine seedlings, mg/kg
LSD 05 -Least significant difference; *-deviation at 5% of significance value is negligible (F fact.<Ftable.).

Table 4 .
Categories of organic wastes for compost mixture composition(Romanov et al., 2011)

Table 5 .
The effect of amelioration on hydro physical properties of ploughed horizon of podzol light soils

Table 6 .
Effect of application of clay, sand and non-conventional organic fertilizers on agrochemical properties of podzols

Table 7 .
Optimum doses of non-conventional organic fertilizers application into podzols in forest nurseries meant for coniferous seedlings and saplings

Soils Optimum dose of non-conventional fertilizers application, tons/ha
Figure 5. Relation of growth rate of Scots pine yearlings of category II waste proportion contained in nonconventional fertilizer applied in the amount of 120 tons/ha into podzol sandy soil (Kokshaisky Forest Nursery)

Table 8 .
The influence of the melioration practice on the growth of one-year Norway spruce seedlings (the Mushmarinsky Forest Nursery)