ON TWO NEW PSEUDOSCORPIONS FROM HERZEGOVINA

Two new endemic cave pseudoscorpion species from the Petropavlova Pećina Cave, village Bihovi, 6 km from Trebinje, Herzegovina, are presented, thoroughly described and illustrated. These are named Chthonius (Globochthonius) petroupauli n. sp. and Roncus paulipetrou n. sp. Their main morphometric characteristics and important diagnostic features are analyzed and compared to those of their phylogenetically closest congeners.


INTRODUCTION
In this study we present the results of the examination of material from a sample of pseudoscorpions collected by one of us (TR).The sample contains two new taxa: Chthonius (Globochthonius) petroupauli n. sp. and Roncus paulipetrou n. sp.The new species described in this paper are probably endemic and relict forms inhabiting caves which belong to the Dinaric Arch in Herzegovina.
Setal designations follow Beier (1963).Description.-The carapace (Fig. 7) reaches its maximum breadth at the level of the 'ocular' setal row and is only slightly broader than longer (Table 1).The anterior border of the carapace is broader than the posterior, and the carapace resembles a regular trapezium.The epistome is absent, but tiny serrations are particularly obvious between the anterior median setae although irregularities can be seen on the margin almost up to the lateral anterior setae (Fig. 7).Neither eyes nor eye-spots are present.
The carapace is beset with 18 setae and these are lying in five rows (Fig. 7): four setae comprise the an-terior row, six belong to the 'ocular' row, four to the median, two to the intermedian and two macrosetae to the posterior setal series.Two microsetae are carried in preocular recess (Fig. 7).
The cheliceral spinneret (galea) is represented by an elevation of the movable finger margin (Fig. 6), and immediately below, on the inner margin, there is an isolated tooth (Fig. 6).The other large tooth is contiguous with a row of smaller teeth which ends below the site of insertion of the galeal seta (Fig. 6).On the fixed cheliceral finger the teeth are larger, particularly the first two and they extend proximal, diminishing in size, below those on the movable finger.
The movable cheliceral finger carries one large galeal seta and the five setae on the cheliceral palm.In addition, two small setae are carried exterior to vb (Fig. 6).The movable finger is considerably longer than the cheliceral breadth, and the ratio of the cheliceral length-to-breadth is 2.35 (Table 1).Cheliceral flagellum is composed of nine bipinnate blades arranged, more or less, in pairs.The pedipalpal coxae carry five setae: two at the anterior end (manducatory process) and three on the posterior border of the trochantic foramen.The femur is 6.20 times longer than its breadth and 1.63 times longer than carapace (Table 1).The tulip-like patella at its distal end is broader than the femur; the ratio of the patellar length-to-breadth is 2.47 (Table 1).
Eight trichobothria are carried on the fixed, and four on the movable chelal finger (Figs. 1 and 3).Both cheliceral fingers are almost straight and only apically are they slightly curved inwards (Figs. 1 and  3).The fixed chelal finger is 1.46 times as long as the chelal palm; the ratio of the pedipalpal chelal lengthto-breadth is 5.21 (Table 1).The teeth of the fixed finger (21) are small, triangular and interspaced.The teeth of the movable finger (28) are similar to those on the fixed finger; proximally, these merge into a dental lamella (Figs. 1 and 3).In general, proximally and distally the teeth on both fingers are smaller than the remainder (Figs. 1 and 3).
The pedal coxae II and III carry spines medially in a distinct group, nine or ten on coxa II and five or six on coxa III.The intercoxal tubercle carries two small setae (Fig. 2).
The measurements of the various segments of the leg IV, as well as the tactile seta ratios, are given in Table 1.The tibia IV, metatarsus IV and tarsus IV each carry a long tactile seta (Fig. 4).
All analyzed measurements (in mm) and morphometric ratios of different body structures are presented in Table 1.
C. (G.) petroupauli n. sp.differs clearly from C. (G.) pancici Ćurčić, 1972 in the presence/absence of eyes (absent vs. present), in the number of carapacal seta (18 vs. 20), in the presence/absence of anterior and lateral small setae, posterior carapacal row (absent vs. present), number of teeth on the fixed (21 vs. 24) and movable chelal fingers (28 vs. 16), in the presence/absence of intermediary teeth on the fixed chelal finger (absent vs. present), as well as in different linear measurements and morphometric ratios (Table 1).
The form of the chelicera is similar in males and females (Figs. 15 and 23); in the female, however, the galea is slightly larger than in the male.The movable and fixed fingers have a variable number of teeth, with the proximal and distal members of each series the shortest.The teeth of the movable finger end just below the galeal seta (Figs. 15 and 23).Six setae occur on the palm of the chelicera (Figs. 15 and 23).The cheliceral flagellum consists of one short proximal blade and six to seven longer blades distally.All are denticulate (Figs.11 and 21).
The fixed chelal finger carries 70 (female) and 65 -69 (male) teeth, the movable finger of the pedipalpal chela carries 65 (female) and 63 -65 teeth (male).The teeth of the movable finger are square-topped and are similar on the fixed chelal finger; the most distal pointed teeth, slightly asymmetrical, give way to teeth with rounded tips and these are gradually replaced proximally by shorter flattened teeth (Figs. 10 and 16).
Four trichobothria are present on the movable finger and eight on the fixed finger of the chela (Figs. 10 and 16).No microsetae are developed proximal to the trichobothria eb and esb; instead, four small setae The pedipalpal femur is 3.76 (female), and 3.75 -4.04 (male) times as long as broad (Table 2).The podomere is distinctly longer than carapace (Table 2).The pedipalpal patella is 2.38 (female) and 2.53 -2.54 (male) times longer than its breadth (Table 2).The pedipalpal chela length-to-breadth ratio is 3.19 (female) and 3.35 -3.55 (male) (Table 2).The chelal fingers are 0.98 (female) and 1.07 -1.08 (male) times longer than chelal palm (Table 2).Tibia IV, metatarsus IV and tarsus IV each carry a long tactile seta (Figs. 9 and 18).The tactile seta ratio of tibia IV exceeds 0.50 (Table 2); this means that the tactile seta is born in the distal part of the podomere.
The measurements of different body structures and morphometric ratios are presented in Table 2.
Morphometric ratios and linear measurements (in mm) as in Table 2.
Distribution.-It seems that R. paulipetrou n. sp.belongs to a group of species which have differentiated within the geographic area investigated, i.e. in Herzegovina, and possibly also in Dalmatia.

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The desiccation of the Mediterranean took place 5.5 Myr ago.Such a geologically recent catastrophic event left behind not only a giant evaporate deposit, it also had a great impact on the modern world, on the circum-Mediterranean landscape, on regional and global climate, and on the evolution and distribution of plants and animals.
The salinity crisis induced a continuous change towards a cooler and more arid climate in circum-Mediterranean.The Antarctic ice shield expanded greatly during the Messinian age, and the Arctic ice shield may have begun to form then.
From the aspects of genesis of different geological phenomena, it is evident that the historical development of cave-dwelling pseudoscorpions lasted a very long time.Terrestrial cave-dwellers are usually descendants of a tropical epigean fauna living in Europe and North America at the end of Cretaceous and at the beginning of the Tertiary.Only in caves have some pseudoscorpions survived, since simulta-neous karstification provided a wide variety of underground niches.Thus, the two new species probably originated at the beginning of the Tertiary at the latest (Beier, 1939(Beier, , 1963;;Ćurčić, 1972, 1988;Ćurčić et al., 1993Ćurčić et al., , 1997aĆurčić et al., , b, 1999Ćurčić et al., , 2004Ćurčić et al., , 2008Ćurčić et al., , 2010Ćurčić et al., , 2011aĆurčić et al., , b, c, d, Hadži, 1937)).

Table 2 )
).Etymology.-After the Church of St. Peter and Paul, situated in the vicinity of the type-locality of the new species.