CHTHONIUS ( GLOBOCHTHONIUS ) DAORSONI N . SP . ( CHTHONIIDAE , PSEUDOSCORPIONES ) — A NEW CAVE FALSE SCORPION FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

A new endemic pseudoscorpion species from the Jama Pit nr. Daorson, Stolac, Southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, is presented, thoroughly described and illustrated. It is named Chthonius (Globochthonius) daorsoni n. sp. Its main morphometric characters and important diagnostic features are analyzed and compared to those of its phenetically and phylogenetically closest congeners.


INTRODUCTION
In several areas of study in evolutionary ecology, investigations into cave animals can yield important findings.Mention must be made about the direction evolutionary ecology is likely to take in the next several decades.It is expected that instead of having a thousand more-or-less unrelated models, each designed for a particular small group of organisms or habitats, a more mature science of ecology will have a formal and logical, primarily mathematical, structure.That is to say, while scientists are aware of the existence of general patterns and processes that are important for a large subset of species, communities and habitats, these remain to be elucidated (Juberthie and Decu, 1994, Ćurčić and Decu, 2004-2005).
In this study, we present the results of the examination of material from a sample of pseudoscorpions collected by one of us (TR).The sample contains one new taxon, Chthonius (Globochthonius) daorsoni n. sp.The new species that is described in this paper is probably an endemic and relict form inhabiting the caves of the Dinaric Arch in Herzegovina.Setal designations follow Beier (1963)   Description -The carapace (Fig. 4) reaches its maximum breadth at the level of the ocular setal row and is slightly broader than long (Table 1).The anterior border of the carapace is broader than the posterior, and the carapace resembles a regular trapezium.The epistome is absent, but tiny serrations are particularly obvious between the anterior median setae, although small irregularities can be seen on the margin almost up to the lateral anterior setae (Fig. 4).Anterior eyes are more prominent than the posterior, the latter being spot-like.
The carapace is beset with 18 setae lying in five rows (Fig. 4): four setae comprise the anterior row, six belong to the ocular row, four to the median row, and four macrosetae belong to the posterior setal series.Two microsetae are carried in each preocular recess (Fig. 4).
The cheliceral spinneret (galea) is represented by an elevation of the movable finger margin (Fig. 7) and immediately below, on the inner margin, there is an isolated tooth.The other large tooth is contiguous with a row of smaller teeth that end below the site of insertion of the galeal seta (Fig. 7).The movable cheliceral finger carries one large galeal seta and six setae on the cheliceral palm.In addition, two small setae are carried exterior to vb (Fig. 7).The cheliceral flagellum is composed of nine bipinnate blades arranged, more or less, in pairs.The pedipalpal manducatory process carries two long setae.The pedipalpal femur is 7.40 times longer than its breadth and 1.45 times longer than the carapace (Table 1).The tulip-like patella at its distal end is broader than the femur; the ratio of the patellar length to breadth is 2.375 (Fig. 1, Table 1).
Eight trichobothria are carried on the fixed and four on the movable chelal fingers (Figs. 1 and  3).Both cheliceral fingers are almost straight and only apically they are slightly curved inwards (Figs. 1 and 3).The fixed chelal finger is 1.31 times as long as the chelal palm.The ratio of the pedipalpal chelal length to breadth is 5.20 (Table 1).The teeth of the fixed pedipalpal finger ( 16) are small, triangular and interspaced.The teeth of the movable finger ( 12) are similar to those on the fixed finger.Proximally, they merge into a dental lamella (Fig. 3).
The pedal coxae II and III carry spines medially in a distinct group, seven on coxa II and four on coxa III.The intercoxal tubercle carries two small setae (Figs. 5 and 6).
The measurements of the various segments and appendages, as well as the morphometric ratios, are given in Table 1.The tibia IV, metatarsus IV and tarsus IV each carry a long tactile seta (Fig. 2, Table 1).
Remarks -The new species differs from its phenetically closest congener in the smaller dimensions of the chelicera, length of the pedipalpal chela, ratio of the pedipalpal femur length to breadth, length of the chelal palm, length of the leg IV, dimensions of articles of the appendages, and in the setation of the body parts.*** Study of cave false scorpions of the Balkan karst has offered further proof of their great age and different origins.These species and genera represent the vestiges of an old fauna, which found shelter in the underground milieux of the Balkans and its adjoining regions.
Apart from this, it is apparent that specific aspects of geomorphological and climatic events in the Balkans, together with peculiarities in the historical development of the fauna there, caused the Peninsula to become the main center of dispersion and colonization of species and groups of species, i.e. the main source for the revitalization and genesis of biological diversity, not just in the Mediterranean region, but throughout southeast Europe (Beier, 1963;Ćurčić, 1988, 2013;Ćurčić et al., 2004, 2012a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, 2013a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, 2014a, b, c, d;Hadži, 1937;Wallwork, 1972).